What are CO2 volumes?

CO2 volumes measure carbonation level — 1 volume means 1 litre of CO2 is dissolved per litre of beer at standard conditions. Most beers range from 1.5 to 3.5 volumes.

Does carbonation affect flavour?

Yes. Higher carbonation enhances hop bitterness perception, adds a dry, crisp feel, and lifts aromatics. Lower carbonation gives a softer, smoother mouthfeel. Match carbonation to style for the best experience.

Can I adjust carbonation to preference?

Absolutely. Style guidelines are starting points. Many brewers adjust based on personal preference. Just stay within safe limits for your packaging (glass bottles max ~3.0 volumes).

What happens if I use too much CO2?

Over-carbonation makes beer excessively foamy, gushing when opened. In bottles, excessive CO2 can cause bottle bombs — a serious safety hazard. In kegs, you can reduce carbonation by venting at serving temperature over several days. Always use a calculator rather than guessing.

Does altitude affect carbonation?

Altitude does not significantly affect dissolved CO2 volumes for homebrewing purposes. At higher altitude, atmospheric pressure is lower, so you may need to adjust your regulator slightly. For most UK homebrewers at near sea level, this is not a concern.

BrewCalcs

CO2 Volume Calculator — Style Guide

Look up target CO2 volumes for different beer styles.

Beer Style

How We Calculate This

Style Guidelines

CO2 volume recommendations are based on BJCP style guidelines and traditional serving practices. They represent the typical range found in well-made commercial examples of each style.

Frequently Asked Questions

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Last updated: 2025-02-20

All calculations are estimates. Always verify values and adjust based on your equipment and ingredients.